In Test step one (in line with the search paradigm from the Vigliocco mais aussi al., 2005) we put a great categorization task, in which participants were expected to determine a few terms and conditions out-of a great triad, in accordance with the earliest association about their similarity. The target were to see whether or not less than such as for example criteria grammatical gender effects would be introduce having abstract terms, labels out of pets and you will inanimate items. Inside Try 2, according to the Implicit Connection Attempt (IAT) paradigm, professionals performed good semantic categorization task not as much as really serious big date tension. The target would be to look at whether or not grammatical gender is implicitly available when performing a job one runs at lexical and you can semantic height. When you look at the Investigation 3, we checked the fresh attribution from female and male sounds in order to pet and inanimate items, showed both while the words or pictures, so you can be certain that if the dictate out-of grammatical gender happens beyond the lexical and you may semantic levels and you can to the visual representations, and you may actually comparing its effects having verbal and you will graphic stimulus.
I thought that the obtained efficiency enables us to attempt the brand new assumptions of one’s sex and you can gender theory and similarity and gender theory relating to the brand new Gloss vocabulary
According to research by the sex and you may gender hypothesis, grammatical gender effects are essential becoming more powerful when you look at the languages that have a premier texture involving the grammatical gender away from nouns and also the physiological sex of the referents. In Polish, this feel is bound from the proven fact that you will find around three genders on only 1 setting (male, female, neutral) and two genders on plural function (masculine-individual and you may low-masculine-personal), with quite an elaborate relation to its only 1 counterparts. Grammatical gender of nouns may differ between the just one and plural models – the newest low-masculine-individual plural means encompasses all the only 1 mode nouns apart from male nouns writing on people. Such as for instance, ‘ten pies’ (your dog) that’s masculine when you look at the just one function, becomes ‘te psy’ (dogs), which is low-masculine-individual inside plural, however, ‘ten kowal’ (an effective blacksmith, masculine only one) will get ‘ci kowale’ (blacksmiths, masculine-personal plural). New tight brand of the fresh sex and you can gender hypothesis create thus anticipate too little grammatical gender consequences from inside the Gloss, maybe not in the place of of many authored studies german born. A shorter constrained style of the latest sex and you will gender hypothesis would expect truth be told there are grammatical gender outcomes only for nouns referring so you’re able to dogs and you may individuals – that have a physiological sex. In the three tests showed in this papers, we integrated nouns dealing with animals (Test step 1 and you may step three), inanimate stuff (most of the experiments) and you can abstract facts (Test step 1).
An alternate factor connected to the newest sex and you may gender/similarity and gender hypotheses is the fact that the Polish language spends a good wide selection of gender matical gender highly relevant to of several parts of address, not just to nouns. Grammatical gender must be experienced when using verbs, numerals, adjectives, pronouns, an such like. And resemblance and you can gender theory would anticipate you to grammatical gender effects show up in every the displayed studies, using each other animate and inanimate nouns.
Observing grammatical gender consequences getting nouns discussing things that do n’t have a physical sex would offer good support on the similarity and you may gender theory
The new shown browse in addition to will try a couple way more certain research concerns. Experiment dos spends a changed implicit organization decide to try to investigate if grammatical gender effects when you look at the Polish are present into the lexicosemantic height, and not simply with the conceptual peak. Try out 3 uses a strategy that involves attributing male/women voices to things into the a moving film) to check whether grammatical gender consequences occur toward an abstract peak. And when referring to lexicosemantic and you can abstract levels of control, we utilize the distinction as in Vigliocco et al. (2005, p. 510): the fresh new lexicosemantic peak corresponds to this new definitions off words and their linguistic control (fitted to your groups, retrieving and utilizing lexical pointers, etcetera.) without having to would intellectual representations of one’s words’ referents. Alternatively, the fresh new abstract peak is dependant on this new mental representations of referents and their attributes, which is non-linguistic in the wild. Playing with vocabulary instead writing on intellectual representations off things is precisely lexicosemantic, while you are control mental representations without needing code is exactly conceptual.